Post-acceleration of electron bunches from laser-irradiated nanoclusters

In this paper the energy gain of attosecond electron bunches emitted during interaction intense, few-cycle linearly polarized lasers with nanoscale spherical clusters is determined. case are from rear side cluster and then further accelerated while co-propagating laser. A previous study has shown how two-stage process readily occurs for whose radii lie between relativistic skin depth, ?r = ?1/2c/?p, laser spot size ?L (Di Lucchio & Gibbon, Phys. Rev. STAB 18, 2015). An analytical model focused light waves interacting compact, overdense in vacuum derived heuristically world-line equations motion an electron. The functional integral approach followed under mathematical point view integration respect to a stochastic variable. resulting picture wave crossing electron's trajectory leads finite light–matter vacuum. theory compared three-dimensional PIC simulations which trajectories can be extracted. effective increase bunch determined realistic conditions both peak (mode) cutoff bunch, order make quantitative comparisons experimental findings Cardenas et al , Nature Sci. Reports 9 (2019).